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The president made a ____ speech at the graduation ceremony, which encouraged the students greatly.

Faced with such a dilemma of how to preserve the old buildings the city government hoped to ____ a better solution.

It is recommended that the project____ until all the preparations have been made.

Early national concepts of fame differ greatly from their late-twentieth-and early-twenty-first- century equivalents. While today fame suggests little more than notoriety(坏名声)，in the early national period it encompassed an entire ethic(道德规范)。The concept of fame had particular power among the early national political elite, though its roots reached back to the beginnings of Western civilization; Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans, by Plutarch. was a literal guide to gathering fane, describing and ranking a series of heroes who had achieved immortal fame-the highest of goals. In the early American Republic, young gentlemen schooled to find models of personal behavior in Plutarch and other classical texts received this idea from a young age. As Alexander Hamilton put it in The Federalist Papers, “the love of fame” was the “ruling passion of the noblest minds”As suggested by Plutarch’s image of great men, a man earned fame by doing great deeds for the state. Francis Bacon mapped out a hierarchy of such acts in his widely read The Essays, assigning fame to “fathers of their country” who reigned justly, “champions of the empire” who defended or expanded territories, “saviors of empire” who coped with national crises, lawgivers who governed descendants through their laws, and-highest of all-“founders of states and commonwealths” .For early national leaders engaged in the creation of a new nation, this sensibility infused(注人)their political efforts with a sense of lofty purpose as well as deep personal meaning.Seekers of fame wanted to make history and leave their mark on the world. America's founding generation assumed that they were doing just that. “We live in an important era and in a new- country,” Benjamin Rush observed in 1788. “Much good may be done by individuals and that too in a short time.” Fame was considered a noble passion because it transformed ambition and self- interest into a desire to achieve great goals that served the public good. Even as fame fueled and inspired a man’s ambitions, it reined them in; one could only achieve everlasting fame through public service. In essence, fame was a selfish virtue, enabling leaders to be simultaneously self- serving and public-minded; in a sense, it humanized the seemingly lofty and unreachable ideal of community-minded republican virtue.1. From the early national period to today, the idea of fame has changed.2. We can learn from Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans.3. What does “lofty purpose” (underlined in Paragraph 3) of the early national leaders refer to?4. Why could leaders be both self-serving and public-minded?5. What does this passage mainly talk about?

Corruption requires two actors-the supplier of the bribe and the one who receives the bribe. And it can be of two types-public bribing or private bribing. In public bribing, a person makes an illegal offer of something of value in order to influence civil servants, political authorities or parties in exchange for a favorable decision from a person holding public office or having political influence.Bribes can be used to allocate(分配)legal benefits such as foreign exchange, import licenses, credit or public contracts, or they may provide something the briber does not deserve, such as an exemption(免除)from a valid regulation, a discretionary(自由决定的)tax break or a permission to carry on an illegal business. Private bribing, on the other hand, is directed to private individuals, aiming to help forward private interests. Bribery comes in many guises. Exchange of money but also gifts and other advantages-such as membership of an exclusive club or promises of scholarships for children, are all different manifestations of it. Whatever form it takes, bribery is always a two-way transaction: it requires a supply side(the briber)and a demand side (the one who receives the bribe).That is why measures against it must be designed to hit both sides of the corruption equation.Another aspect of bribery is that it can occur in many different sectors of the economy. A commonly cited and morally reprehensible(应谴责的)form is when government officials abuse public trust by accepting bribes from private businesses. However, the distinction between the private and public sectors have been blurred by privatization and corruption within the private sector. While not as common, bribes happen among public officials too. There are different degree of bribery too. “Petty corruption” usually involves small sums paid to low level officials to “grease the wheels” or cut through bureaucratic red tape. The headlines making cases of large multinational companies paying millions of dollars to government leaders to obtain lucrative(有利的)business contracts are examples of bribery on a grander scale. Both forms however, can have serious consequences on the economic, political and legal institutions of our countries.1. What is the main topic of the passage?2. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?3. Bribery may come in the form of.4. It seems that an effective way of eliminating bribery is.5. Which of the following writing styles does the passage belong to?

For the weekend, I am alone in my own house. There were no kids saying “I’m hungry” or complaining that there was nothing in the fridge to drink. No one asking me questions or making messes, no laundry to be done and no meals to prepare for anyone except myself. There was no energy in the house apart from my own. Surprisingly, I couldn’t decide whether I liked it.This morning I had felt overwhelmed with all the possibilities. I could go window-shopping or see a movie. I could call a friend for lunch or take a walk. In the end all I wanted to do was empty my thoughts and enjoy the quiet, immersing(沉浸) myself to the point of getting sick of it. I think I’ve succeeded. Twelve hours into my solitude, I’m a bit bored and lonely, a situation unfathomable(深不可测的)a mere day ago. I’m ready for some activity around me, ready for some kids traipsing(漫步) in and out and slamming doors, bringing dirt with them on their shoes. I am even ready for a few completely unreasonable requests such as that I make them dinner. MostlyI’m ready for some laughter and conversation. Despite these conflicting feelings, I find this experience highly clarifying. With the house finally quiet enough for me to hear myself think, I am left with the cozy notion that I love the frenzy(狂暴)of my busy life, that the quiet I often long for is nice, but only for a little while. That life just about me even for a day is not all it’s cracked up to be, and that joy comes from interacting with others and getting things done.I have another day of solitude tomorrow, but it won’t be so lazy. I’ll crank up(开动)the stereo, get to work on some long-neglected projects and connect with a friend. One day of quiet is quite enough.1. The word “energy” (underlined in Paragraph 1) probably means.2. The author felt overwhelmed with all the following EXCEPT.3. According to Paragraph 3, the author feels like after being alone.4. Which of the following statements is NOT true?5. We can infer from the passage that the author is a .

To improve the precision of gene testing, scientists needed to spell out the actual DNA sequence of disease-fostering genes (the order of the A, C, G and T). This endeavor was greatly aided by the development of a method for rapidly sequencing DNA by Harvard University researchers in 1977. One of the researchers, Walter Gilbert, had been trying to understand how particular gene in bacteria were turned off( prevented from generating the proteins for which they code) and he saw that he would not make much improvement unless he could determine the sequence of particular segments of the bacterial DNA. He then worked with his colleague Allan Maxam to invent a novel method that combined chemicals that cut DNA only at specific bases with radioactive labeling and Southern blotting to determine quickly the precise sequence of long DNA segments. A different but equally successful DNA sequencing method was developed at about the same time by Frederich Sanger in Cambridge, England.In the early 1980s, the Maxam-Cilbert and Sanger methods for DNA sequencing were improved and automated to speed the process. The pinpointing of disease-fostering genes could now proceed relatively quickly. Using a technique called positional cloning, researchers first zero in on the chromosome(染色体) likely to house a disease gene by using chromosomal staining, in hybridization(杂交),or other techniques. Once the chromosomal home of the disease gene has been identified, they look for other genetic markers in that location that are tightly linked to the disease. They then determine the sequence of the DNA bases in the region of the telltale markers. They know that their search is over if they pinpoint a DNA sequence that is found only in the people with the disease in question. Positional cloning has thus far been used to find over 50 disease genes.1. Which of the following is NOT true?2. The phrase “This endeavor” (underlined in Paragraph 1) refers to the effort.3. The passage was written in the order of.4. The phrase “zero in on” (underlined in Paragraph 2) most probably means “”.5. Positional cloning is directly useful in .

The challenges faced by all child protection caseworkers are obvious.51is often not so obvious are the many rewards a caseworker career52. People often ask53anybody in their right mind would want to be a child protection caseworker, habitually dealing54the most disadvantaged and troubled families in their community. Caseworkers routinely55disturbing cases of child abuse and neglect, and clients who are not cooperative. Being a caseworker means being an agent of positive change, 56when the welfare sector is not just a job to you, 57a professional vocation.Child protection is a difficult and58career path to follow, but the rewards do exist. Many of our caseworkers choose this career path out of a desire to59to the community. To be part of a process can60change a family’s life, and caseworkers may61their intervention equipping a young person so that his or her future62are improved. Of course this does not63with every intervention. But when it happens, it is a(n)64experience. And if you are wondering whether this experience makes the job worthwhile the answer is YES!A good indicator of how outside people65the caseworker career has been the feedback from university students. In 2006 there were 118 students on placement(实习)of caseworker careers. Those students who completed their placements in child protection told us about the great66they had had to67theory to practice, the many chances of learning new skills and trying new tasks, the sound knowledge68through training, and how69 becoming familiar with different welfare services was70their future career.

The experience of sightseeing in the wonderful island is extremely exciting and I am moving to tears. A B C D

Mothers is well-known for considering the needs of the family more important than their own. A B C D

Efforts to resolve the conflict in the Middle East, that has caused more than 100 deaths since February of last year, have so far been fruitless. A B C D

No matter how promising your situation is, or how creative you can be, hard work is always essential for your success. A B C D

The people loved her such much that they nicknamed her “Evita” and long after her death, many Argentines continue to worship her. A B C D

The poem wasn’t written to give a realistic account of the war but to glorifying those men who were killed in the war, giving some comfort to their friends and relatives. A B C D

We aim to provide and extend a welfare service and raise many thousand of pounds annually to sponsor medical research. A B C D

After considering your background and experience, we regret inform you that we don’t have an appropriate job opportunity for you at the current stage. A B C D

Their ability to decode the genetic message encapsulated in DNA was affect by the great number of such messages carried in the DNA of each cell. A B C D

I should tell you that you will find it hard to make friends that young man. A B C D

事实上，只有勤奋加上方法得当才能使你在学习上比他人有优势。

毕竟,金钱不是万能的,最富有的人不一定是最幸福的。

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