The British Medical Journal recently featured a strong response to what was judged an inappropriately lenient reaction by a medical school to a student cheating in an examination. Although we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon, its prevention, or its effective management, much can be concluded and acted upon on the basis of common sense and concepts with face validity
There is general agreement that there should be zero tolerance of cheating in a profession based on trust and one on which human lives depend. It is reasonable to assume that cheaters in medical school will be more likely than others to continue to act dishonestly with patients, colleagues, insurers and governments.
The behaviors under question are multifactorial in origin. There are familial, religious, and cultural values that are acquired long before medical school. For example, countries, cultures, and subcultures exist where bribes and dishonest behavior are almost a norm. There are secondary schools in which neither staff nor students tolerate cheating and others where cheating is rampant; there are homes which imbue young people with high standards of ethical behavior and others which leave ethical training to the harmful influence of television and the market place.
Medical schools reflect society and cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society. The selection process of medical students might be expected to favor candidates with integrity and positive ethical behavior---if one had a reliable method for detecting such characteristics in advance. Medical school should be the major focus of attention for imbuing future doctors with integrity and ethical sensitivity. Unfortunately there are troubling, if inconclusive, data that suggest that during medical school the ethical behavior of medical students does not necessarily improve; indeed, moral development may actually stop or even regress.
The creation of a pervasive institutional culture of integrity is essential. It is critical that the academic and clinical leaders of the institution set a personal example of integrity. Medical schools must make their institutional position and their expectations of students absolutely clear from day one. The development of a school's culture of integrity requires a partnership with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and nurturing. Moreover, the school's examination system and general treatment of students must be perceived as fair. Finally, the treatment of infractions must be firm,fair, transparent, and consistent.
1.What does the author say about cheating in medical schools?
2.According to the author, it is important to prevent cheating in medical schools because( ).
3.What does the author say about the cause(s) of cheating?
4.According to the author, what precautions should medical schools take to prevent students from cheating?
5.The author will probably agree with which of the following statements?
问题1选项
A.Extensive research has been done about this phenomenon.
B.We have sufficient data to prove that prevention is feasible.
C.We are safe to conclude that this phenomenon exists on a grand scale.
D.Reliable data about the extent, prevention and management of the phenomenon is lacking.
问题2选项
A.the medical profession is based on trust
B.there is zero tolerance of cheating in medicine
C.the medical profession depends on the government
D.cheating exists extensively in medical schools
问题3选项
A.Family, culture and society play an active part.
B.Bad school environment is the leading cause of student cheating.
C.Parents are always to blame for their children's cheating behavior.
D.Cheating exists primarily because students learn bad things from TV.
问题4选项
A.Medical schools should establish a firm moral standard to weed out applicants with low integrity.
B.Medical schools should make efforts to remedy the ills of a society.
C.Medical schools should teach future doctors integrity and ethical values.
D.There is nothing medical schools can do to improve the ethical behavior of their students.
问题5选项
A.Medical schools should make exams easier for the students to alleviate the fierce competition.
B.Prominent figures in the medical institution should create a set of moral standards to be applied in medical schools.
C.Medical students should play an active role in the creation and preservation of a culture of integrity.
D.Those students who cheat in the exams should be instantly expelled from school
第1题:D
第2题:A
第3题:A
第4题:C
第5题:C
1.事实细节题。文章第一段提到 “Although we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon, its prevention, or its effective management, much can be concluded and acted upon on the basis of common sense and concepts with face validity. 虽然我们没有足够的可靠数据来说明这一现象的严重程度,也不了解如何预防和进行有效管理,但可以根据常识和看似有效的观念得出很多结论并采取行动”可知,D项“有关这种现象的程度、预防和管控的可靠数据是缺乏的” 正确;也由此知A、B、C三项不正确。
2.事实细实题。第二段中提到 “There is general agreement that there should be zero tolerance of cheating in a profession based on trust and one on which human lives depend. 人们普遍认为,在基于信任和有关生命安全的职业中的作弊应该零容忍”可知A“医疗职业基于信任”正确;B“医疗作弊是零容忍的”是结果不是原因;C“医疗行业依靠政府”和D“作弊在医学院中广泛存在”原文均未提及,故选A。
3.事实细节题。文章第三段提到“The behaviors under question are multifactorial in origin. There are familial, religious, and cultural values that are acquired long before medical school.导致这些作弊行为的原因很多。这些原因包括在就读医学院之前受到的家庭、宗教及文化影响。” 可知A“家庭,文化和社会发挥重要作用”正确,故选A。
4.事实细节题。A项“医学院应该建立一个可靠的道德标准来淘汰低水平的申请者”,文章第四段提到“if one had a reliable method for detecting such characteristics in advance.如果医学院有可靠的方法提前识别学生的品质的话”,此句为条件状语从句,由此可知目前还没有找到这种识别方法,故A不正确;B项 “医学院应该努力纠正所有的社会问题”,文章第四段中提到 “Medical schools reflect society and cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society. 医学院的问题反映了整个社会问题,我们不能指望社会的所有弊病都能被纠正”可知B不正确;C项“医学院应该培养未来医生诚信和道德价值观”,第四段中提到“ Medical school should be the major focus of attention for imbuing future doctors with integrity and ethical sensitivity.医学院应该成为未来医生灌输诚信和道德观念的中心”可知C正确;D项“医学院无法改善学生的道德行为”,文章最后一段列举了一些解决学生道德行为问题的方法,如“在医学院中创建一个普遍的诚信文化制度;让医学院的学术领袖树立个人诚信榜样可知D不正确,故选C。
5.判断推理题。A项“医学院应该让学生考试更容易,以缓解激烈的竞争。”和D项“考试作弊的学生应该立即被开除出学校”在文中均未提及;B项“医疗机构中的杰出人物应该制定一套道德标准应用于医学院。”原文最后一段提到 “it is critical that the academic and clinical leaders of the institution set a personal example of integrity.医学院的学术领袖树立个人的诚信榜样是很关键的”,可知B项中“create a set of moral standards 创建道徳标准”不正确;C项“医学生应在创建和维护诚信文化方面发挥积极作用”,最后一段提到“The development of a school's culture of integrity requires a partnership with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and nurturing. 学校诚信文化的发展需要与学生建立伙伴关系,使他们在学校的创建和培养中发挥积极作用。”可知C项正确。