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We’re fairly good at judging people based on first impressions, thin slices of experience ranging from a glimpse of a photo to a five-minute interaction, and deliberation can be not only extraneous but intrusive. In one study of the ability she dubbed “thin slicing.” The late psychologist Nalini Ambady asked participants to watch silent 10-second video clips of professors and to rate the instructor’s overall effectiveness. Their ratings correlated strongly with students’ end-of-semester ratings.Another set of participants had to count backward from 1,000 by nines as they watched the clips,occupying their conscious working memory. Their ratings were just as accurate, demonstrating the intuitive nature of the social processing.Critically, another group was asked to spend a minute writing down reasons for their judgment,before giving the rating. Accuracy dropped dramatically.Ambady suspected that deliberation focused them on vivid but misleading cues, such as certain gestures of utterances, rather than letting the complex interplay of subtle signals form a holistic impression. She found similar interference when participants watched 15-second clips of pairs of people and judged whether they were strangers, friends, or dating partners.Other research shows we're better at detecting deception and sexual orientation from thin slices when we rely on intuition instead of reflection.“It’ s as if you’re driving a stick shift," says Judith Hall,a psychologist at Northeastern University, "and if you start thinking about it too much, you can' t remember what you' re doing.But if you go on automatic pilot, you’re fine.Much of our social life is like that."Thinking too much can also harm our ability to form preferences College students' ratings of strawberry jams and college courses aligned better with experts' opinions when the students weren't asked to analyze their rationale. And people made car-buying decisions that were both objectively better and more personally satisfying when asked to focus on their feelings rather than on details,but only if the decision was complex — when they had a lot of information to process.Intuition's special powers are unleashed only in certain circumstances. In onestudy, participants completed a battery of eight tasks, including four that tappedreflective thinking (discerning rules, comprehending vocabulary) and four that tappedintuition and creativity (generating new products or figures of speech).Then they rated the degree to which they had used intuition (“gut feelings,” “hunches,” “my heart”).Use of their gut hurt their performance on the first four tasks,as expected, and helped them on the rest Sometimes the heart is smarter than the head.Other research shows we re better at detecting deception and sexual orientation from thin slices when we rely on intuition instead of reflection. "It' s as if you' redriving a stick shift," says Judith Hall, a psychologist at Northeastern University,"and if you start thinking about it too much, you can't remember what you're doing. But if you go on automatic pilot, you re fine. Much of our social life is like that." Thinking too much can also harm our ability to form preferences College students ratings ofstrawberry jams and college courses aligned better with experts' opinions when the students weren't asked to analyze their rationale.And people made car-buying decisions that were both objectively better and more personally satisfying when asked to focus on their feelings rather than on details, but only if the decision was complex-when they had a lot of information to process.1. Nalini Ambady’s study deals with （）.2.In Ambady’s study, rating accuracy dropped when participants（）.3.Judith Hall mentions driving to mention that（）.4.When you are making complex decisions, it is advisable to（）.5.What can we learn from the last paragraph?

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The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than $70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last victory. As the auction¬eer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a re¬search firm—double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.In the weeks and months that followed Mr. Hirst’s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector, they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christie’s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christie’s chief executive, says: I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds—death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return. (394 words)1.In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst’s sale was referred to as “a last victory” because （）.2.By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable" ( Para. 3) , the author suggests that （）. 3.Which of the following statements is NOT true?4.The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are （）. 5.The most appropriate title for this text could be（）.

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Office jobs are among the positions hardest hit by computation (计算机自动化). Word processors and typists will lose about 93,000 jobs over the next few years, while 57,000 secretarial jobs will vanish. Blame the PC: Today, many executives type their own memos and carry there” secretaries” in the palms of their hands. Time is also hard for stock clerks, whose ranks are expected to decrease by 68,000. And employees in manufacturing firms and wholesalers are being replaced with computerized systems.But not everyone who loses a job will end up in the unemployment line. Many will shift to growing positions within their own companies. When new technologies shook up the telecomm business, telephone operator Judy Dougherty pursued retraining. She is now a communications technician, earning about $ 64,000 per year. Of course, if you’ve been a tollbooth collector for the past 30 years, and you find yourself replaced by an E-ZPass machine, it may be of little consolation(安慰) to know that the telecom field is booming. And that’s just it: The service economy is fading: welcome to the expertise(专门知识) economy. To succeed in the new job market, you must be able to handle complex problems. Indeed, all but one of the 50 highest-paying occupations—air-traffic controller—demand at least a bachelor’s degree.For those with just a high school diploma(毕业证书).It’s going to get tougher to find a well-paying job. Since fewer factory and clerical jobs will be available .what’s left be the jobs that computations can’t kill, computers cant clean offices, or for Alzheimer’s patients(老年痴呆病人). But, since most people have the skills to fill those positions, the wages stay painfully low, meaning computation could drive an even deeper wedge (楔子) between the and poor, The best advice now, Never stop learning, and keep up with new technology.For busy adults of course that can be tough, the good news is that very technology that’s reducing so many jobs is a making it easier to go back to school without having to sit in a classroom. So called internet distance learning is hot, with more than three million students currently enrolled , and it’s gaining credibility with employers.Are you at risk of losing your job to a computer? Check the federal Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Occupational Outlook Handbook ,which is available online at bls.gov.1.From the first paragraph we can infer that all of the following persons are easily thrown into unemployment EXCEPT（）.2.In the second paragraph the anther mentions the tollbooth collector to （）. 3.By saying “...computation could drive an even deeper wedge between the rich and poor” (line 5. Para 4 )the author means （）. 4.What is the author’s attitude towards computers？5.Which of the following might serve as the best title of passage？

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最早对遗忘进行实证性研究并提出著名遗忘曲线的心理学家是（）。

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如果一个人的实足年龄10岁。参加智力测验得到心理年龄是9岁，其智商是（）。

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在睡眠过程中，会出现一种短暂爆发的，频率高、波幅大的脑电波，称为（）。

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内容效度不适用于能力倾向测验和（）。

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“鱼和熊掌不可兼得”所反映的动机冲突是（）。

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EAST测验（Extrinsic Affect Simon Task）是以（）为指标来进行的。

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（）学派主张“欲望以无意识的形式支配人，并且表现在人的行为中”。

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根据迁移的性质不同和影响效果的不同，可分为（）。

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中枢神经系统不包括（）。

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不属于孤独症的主要症状表现的是（）

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在经典测量理论模型X=T+E中，关于E的表述，错误的是（）。

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根据因素分析的结果,韦克斯勒儿童智力测验(第四版)测查的能力因素主要包括（）。

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全色盲患者能够看到的颜色有（）。

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一个2×3的混合实验设计，且第一个因素为组间因素，若每组处理下需观测4个数据，则整个实验需要的被试数是（）。

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以下属于内容参照分数的是（）。

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某电视台要对8条广告的受欢迎程度进行评估，请20名评判者对这8条广告按“喜欢”到“不喜欢”排序。这种方法是（）。

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小健在初中就听从父母的建议准备以后当医生，但他并不了解自己，也没有自我探索，只是觉得这个建议不错。小健的自我同一性发展处于哪一种状态?（）。

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